Free clinics and community health centers in Essex county.

Below are the listings of free and low cost clinics in Essex county. These clinics can help low-income and uninsured people by offerring free and discounted rates for medical and/or dental care. We welcome user reviews and corrections of clinic listings, as we strive to provide our users with the best and most up-to-date information possible. Simply click on the clinic listing for more information.

Essex Medical and Dental Clinics:

  • Afc Urgent Care Methuen
    • Location: Methuen, MA - 01844
    • Contact Phone: (978) 975-0700
    • Details: AFC Urgent Care Methuen is a walk-in clinic and urgent care center that serves the Methuen, MA and Salem, NH community 7 days a week. As the go-to medical destination for members of the Merrimack Valley community, our center excels at getting patients in-and-out the door quickly, while delivering the highest-quality medical care possible. By visiting AFC Urgent Care Methuen, you won’t need to wait weeks to see a doctor, like you probably would if you scheduled an appointment with your primary care physician. You can also avoid the several hour-long wait that you would experience at the emergency room, as we offer a treatment for a variety of medical conditions most people would assume could only be treated at the ER. AFC Urgent Care Methuen successfully combines the family-friendly atmosphere of the primary care physician’s office with the walk-in accessibility of the ER.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ Bread & Roses Soup Kitchen
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01840
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ Daybreak Shelter
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01843
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ Drop-in Center (uu Church)
    • Location: Haverhill, MA - 01830
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ Emmaus House
    • Location: Haverhill, MA - 01830
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ Good Shepherd Center
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01841
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ Haverhill Ywca
    • Location: Haverhill, MA - 01830
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ Mitch’s Place
    • Location: Haverhill, MA - 01830
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ Oasis
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01840
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ The Point After Club
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01840
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Glfhc Health Care For The Homeless Program @ Ymca
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01840
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Striving to meet the medical needs of everyone in our community, GLFHC offers the only federally-funded Health Care for the Homeless Program in the Merrimack Valley. GLFHC’s Health Care for the Homeless program (HCH) serves over 1,100 patients at community-based sites across the Merrimack Valley. Our medical team provides primary healthcare directly to this patient population at shelters, drop in centers, and soup kitchens for health issues ranging from diabetes to depression and exposure to the elements. In addition to providing primary healthcare, staff also assist in securing medications, health insurance, and directing our homeless patients towards local resources for food, emergency shelter, permanent housing and job training.
  • Gloucester Family Health Center
    • Location: Gloucester, MA - 01930
    • Contact Phone: (978) 282-8899
    • Details: North Shore Community Health’s mission is to build healthy communities by providing exceptional care to all.
  • Greater Lawrence Family Health Center - Community-based Programs
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01840
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Greater Lawrence Family Health Center offer services to the general Greater Lawrence community at its 100 Water Street location. Community health workers staff this location, where confidential testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV, and Viral Hepatitis is offered, at no cost to you, along with other support services, described below. Opioid Prevention, Education, and Naloxone Distribution Program - Offers comprehensive education on signs and symptoms of overdose, offers naloxone to targeted groups (active opioid users and friends/family), and training on naloxone administration. Prevention, Integrated Counseling, Screening and Referral (PICSR) - One of 12 Massachusetts DPH-funded community-based programs that provides free and confidential STI, HIV and Hepatitis screening and treatment referral, and Hepatitis A and B immunizations to specific target populations. Other services include syringe access and Narcan education and support, group and individual level interventions and stationary and mobile outreach in the Merrimack Valley. Syringe Service Program (SSP) - Based on a harm-reduction model, this program offers products designed to keep clients as healthy as possible while dealing with substance abuse issues. Outreach and Enrollment (Community-based) - Community health workers from GLFHC are active in the community and provide assistance with enrollment into health insurance programs.
  • Greater Lawrence Family Health Center - Lawrence General Hospital Site
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01841
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: The mission of Greater Lawrence Family Health Center is to improve and maintain the health of individuals and families in the Merrimack Valley by providing a network of high quality, comprehensive healthcare services and by training healthcare professionals to respond to the needs of a culturally diverse population. Greater Lawrence Family Health Center distinguishes itself by providing the highest quality patient experience and innovative solutions to improve health outcomes.
  • Greater Lawrence Family Health Center - Lhs School-based Health Center
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01840
    • Contact Phone: (978) 722-8391
    • Details: GLFHC operates two School-Based Health Centers at Lawrence High School and Greater Lawrence Technical School. This isn’t the school nurse — this is a full office where you can schedule a full medical appointment for a checkup, sports physical or health issue. The teams at these centers include expert clinicians and specialists with years of experience and training in teen health. For convenience, the health centers are located inside the schools to help keep students in school and parents at work!
  • Greater Lawrence Family Health Center - Main Site
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01841
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: The mission of Greater Lawrence Family Health Center is to improve and maintain the health of individuals and families in the Merrimack Valley by providing a network of high quality, comprehensive healthcare services and by training healthcare professionals to respond to the needs of a culturally diverse population. Greater Lawrence Family Health Center distinguishes itself by providing the highest quality patient experience and innovative solutions to improve health outcomes.
  • Greater Lawrence Family Health Center - North Site
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01841
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: The mission of Greater Lawrence Family Health Center is to improve and maintain the health of individuals and families in the Merrimack Valley by providing a network of high quality, comprehensive healthcare services and by training healthcare professionals to respond to the needs of a culturally diverse population. Greater Lawrence Family Health Center distinguishes itself by providing the highest quality patient experience and innovative solutions to improve health outcomes.
  • Greater Lawrence Family Health Center - South Site
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01843
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: The mission of Greater Lawrence Family Health Center is to improve and maintain the health of individuals and families in the Merrimack Valley by providing a network of high quality, comprehensive healthcare services and by training healthcare professionals to respond to the needs of a culturally diverse population. Greater Lawrence Family Health Center distinguishes itself by providing the highest quality patient experience and innovative solutions to improve health outcomes.
  • Greater Lawrence Family Health Center - West Site
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01841
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: The mission of Greater Lawrence Family Health Center is to improve and maintain the health of individuals and families in the Merrimack Valley by providing a network of high quality, comprehensive healthcare services and by training healthcare professionals to respond to the needs of a culturally diverse population. Greater Lawrence Family Health Center distinguishes itself by providing the highest quality patient experience and innovative solutions to improve health outcomes.
  • Greater Lawrence Technical School Sbhc
    • Location: Andover, MA - 01810
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-8521
    • Details: GLFHC operates two School-Based Health Centers at Lawrence High School and Greater Lawrence Technical School. This isn’t the school nurse — this is a full office where you can schedule a full medical appointment for a checkup, sports physical or health issue. The teams at these centers include expert clinicians and specialists with years of experience and training in teen health. For convenience, the health centers are located inside the schools to help keep students in school and parents at work!
  • Health Quarters - Beverly
    • Location: Beverly, MA - 01915
    • Contact Phone: (978) 705-4039
    • Details: With offices in Beverly, Lawrence and Haverhill, we provide confidential exams and counseling related to your sexual and reproductive health and wellness. Our board-certified physicians, nurse practitioners and medical assistants are dedicated to providing accurate, evidence-based information, education and clinical care. We welcome people of all ages, sexual orientations and gender identities.
  • Health Quarters - Haverhill
    • Location: Haverhill, MA - 01830
    • Contact Phone: (978) 228-2291
    • Details: With offices in Beverly, Lawrence and Haverhill, we provide confidential exams and counseling related to your sexual and reproductive health and wellness. Our board-certified physicians, nurse practitioners and medical assistants are dedicated to providing accurate, evidence-based information, education and clinical care. We welcome people of all ages, sexual orientations and gender identities.
  • Health Quarters - Lawrence
    • Location: Lawrence, MA - 01843
    • Contact Phone: (978) 705-6637
    • Details: With offices in Beverly, Lawrence and Haverhill, we provide confidential exams and counseling related to your sexual and reproductive health and wellness. Our board-certified physicians, nurse practitioners and medical assistants are dedicated to providing accurate, evidence-based information, education and clinical care. We welcome people of all ages, sexual orientations and gender identities.
  • Lynn Community Health Center - 20 Central Avenue
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01901
    • Contact Phone: (781) 477-7222
    • Details: Lynn Community Health Center is a non-profit, multicultural, community health center. Located in the heart of our community, we are at the center of a larger solution to the healthcare crisis that is facing our nation today. We are recognized as a leader in developing new initiatives that result in high-impact, low cost health care.
  • Lynn Community Health Center - 280 Union Street
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01901
    • Contact Phone: (781) 581-3900
    • Details: Lynn Community Health Center is a non-profit, multicultural, community health center. Located in the heart of our community, we are at the center of a larger solution to the healthcare crisis that is facing our nation today. We are recognized as a leader in developing new initiatives that result in high-impact, low cost health care.
  • Lynn Community Health Center - Wic Peabody Site
    • Location: Peabody, MA - 01960
    • Contact Phone: (978) 531-0871
    • Details: Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Nutrition Program provides health screening and information, access to healthy foods, support, and referrals to other agencies. Pregnant women, postpartum women and families with children 0–5 years of age can participate in the WIC program (must be a Massachusetts family to qualify).
  • Lynn Community Health Center - Wic Salem Site
    • Location: Salem, MA - 01970
    • Contact Phone: (978) 744-2626
    • Details: Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Nutrition Program provides health screening and information, access to healthy foods, support, and referrals to other agencies. Pregnant women, postpartum women and families with children 0–5 years of age can participate in the WIC program (must be a Massachusetts family to qualify).
  • Lynn Community Health Center Main Site
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01901
    • Contact Phone: (781) 581-3900
    • Details: Lynn Community Health Center is a non-profit, multicultural, community health center. Located in the heart of our community, we are at the center of a larger solution to the healthcare crisis that is facing our nation today. We are recognized as a leader in developing new initiatives that result in high-impact, low cost health care.
  • Market Square Family Health Services
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01905
    • Contact Phone: (781) 596-3500
    • Details: Lynn Community Health Center is a non-profit, multicultural, community health center. Located in the heart of our community, we are at the center of a larger solution to the healthcare crisis that is facing our nation today. We are recognized as a leader in developing new initiatives that result in high-impact, low cost health care.
  • Market Square Family Health Services At Western Avenue
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01905
    • Contact Phone: (781) 595-7348
    • Details: Lynn Community Health Center is a non-profit, multicultural, community health center. Located in the heart of our community, we are at the center of a larger solution to the healthcare crisis that is facing our nation today. We are recognized as a leader in developing new initiatives that result in high-impact, low cost health care.
  • Methuen Family Health Center
    • Location: Methuen, MA - 01844
    • Contact Phone: (978) 686-0090
    • Details: Methuen Family Health Center offers services in collaboration with Lawrence General Hospital and Greater Lawrence Family Health Center focused on serving the health needs of families in the Methuen area. The new facility offers primary care for children and adults, ultrasound, laboratory services, and a pharmacy in a convenient location off I-93 in Methuen.
  • Pace Buffum St.
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01902
    • Contact Phone: (781) 722-0040
    • Details: Element Care is a non-profit healthcare organization with a simple mission: to help older adults live safely and comfortably in their homes and communities for as long as they can, keeping their stays in hospitals and nursing facilities as minimal as possible.
  • Pace Market St
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01901
    • Contact Phone: (781) 595-4717
    • Details: Element Care is a non-profit healthcare organization with a simple mission: to help older adults live safely and comfortably in their homes and communities for as long as they can, keeping their stays in hospitals and nursing facilities as minimal as possible.
  • Pace School St.
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01902
    • Contact Phone: (781) 715-2390
    • Details: Element Care is a non-profit healthcare organization with a simple mission: to help older adults live safely and comfortably in their homes and communities for as long as they can, keeping their stays in hospitals and nursing facilities as minimal as possible.
  • Peabody Family Health Center
    • Location: Peabody, MA - 01960
    • Contact Phone: (978) 532-4903
    • Details: North Shore Community Health’s mission is to build healthy communities by providing exceptional care to all.
  • Salem Family Health Center
    • Location: Salem, MA - 01970
    • Contact Phone: (978) 744-8388
    • Details: North Shore Community Health’s mission is to build healthy communities by providing exceptional care to all.
  • Salem High School Teen Health Center
    • Location: Salem, MA - 01970
    • Contact Phone: (978) 740-1220
    • Details: North Shore Community Health’s mission is to build healthy communities by providing exceptional care to all.
  • School-based Health Center @ Breed Middle School
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01905
    • Contact Phone: (781) 477-7330
    • Details: The School-Based Health Center program is a collaborative effort between the Lynn Community Health Center and Lynn Public Schools. This program is designed to improve the health status of the elementary, middle, and secondary school students of Lynn by increasing access to health care through school-based services. All services provided are designed to meet the special developmental, socio-emotional and access needs of adolescents and youth. The SBHCs are satellite clinics of the Lynn Community Health Center which provides 24 hour, 7 day a week, year round back-up and access to a broad range of specialty services, health promotion and health education services.
  • School-based Health Center @ Connery Elementary School
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01905
    • Contact Phone: (781) 477-7344
    • Details: The School-Based Health Center program is a collaborative effort between the Lynn Community Health Center and Lynn Public Schools. This program is designed to improve the health status of the elementary, middle, and secondary school students of Lynn by increasing access to health care through school-based services. All services provided are designed to meet the special developmental, socio-emotional and access needs of adolescents and youth. The SBHCs are satellite clinics of the Lynn Community Health Center which provides 24 hour, 7 day a week, year round back-up and access to a broad range of specialty services, health promotion and health education services.
  • School-based Health Center @ Ford Elementary School
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01905
    • Contact Phone: (781) 691-9416
    • Details: The School-Based Health Center program is a collaborative effort between the Lynn Community Health Center and Lynn Public Schools. This program is designed to improve the health status of the elementary, middle, and secondary school students of Lynn by increasing access to health care through school-based services. All services provided are designed to meet the special developmental, socio-emotional and access needs of adolescents and youth. The SBHCs are satellite clinics of the Lynn Community Health Center which provides 24 hour, 7 day a week, year round back-up and access to a broad range of specialty services, health promotion and health education services.
  • School-based Health Center @ Harrington Elementary School
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01902
    • Contact Phone: (781) 477-7380
    • Details: The School-Based Health Center program is a collaborative effort between the Lynn Community Health Center and Lynn Public Schools. This program is designed to improve the health status of the elementary, middle, and secondary school students of Lynn by increasing access to health care through school-based services. All services provided are designed to meet the special developmental, socio-emotional and access needs of adolescents and youth. The SBHCs are satellite clinics of the Lynn Community Health Center which provides 24 hour, 7 day a week, year round back-up and access to a broad range of specialty services, health promotion and health education services.
  • School-based Health Center @ Ingalls Elementary School
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01902
    • Contact Phone: (781) 593-0734
    • Details: The School-Based Health Center program is a collaborative effort between the Lynn Community Health Center and Lynn Public Schools. This program is designed to improve the health status of the elementary, middle, and secondary school students of Lynn by increasing access to health care through school-based services. All services provided are designed to meet the special developmental, socio-emotional and access needs of adolescents and youth. The SBHCs are satellite clinics of the Lynn Community Health Center which provides 24 hour, 7 day a week, year round back-up and access to a broad range of specialty services, health promotion and health education services.
  • School-based Health Center @ Lynn Classical High School
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01905
    • Contact Phone: (781) 592-8675
    • Details: The School-Based Health Center program is a collaborative effort between the Lynn Community Health Center and Lynn Public Schools. This program is designed to improve the health status of the elementary, middle, and secondary school students of Lynn by increasing access to health care through school-based services. All services provided are designed to meet the special developmental, socio-emotional and access needs of adolescents and youth. The SBHCs are satellite clinics of the Lynn Community Health Center which provides 24 hour, 7 day a week, year round back-up and access to a broad range of specialty services, health promotion and health education services.
  • School-based Health Center @ Lynn English High School
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01902
    • Contact Phone: (781) 598-8128
    • Details: The School-Based Health Center program is a collaborative effort between the Lynn Community Health Center and Lynn Public Schools. This program is designed to improve the health status of the elementary, middle, and secondary school students of Lynn by increasing access to health care through school-based services. All services provided are designed to meet the special developmental, socio-emotional and access needs of adolescents and youth. The SBHCs are satellite clinics of the Lynn Community Health Center which provides 24 hour, 7 day a week, year round back-up and access to a broad range of specialty services, health promotion and health education services.
  • School-based Health Center @ Lynn Vocational Technical High School
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01902
    • Contact Phone: (781) 581-7740
    • Details: The School-Based Health Center program is a collaborative effort between the Lynn Community Health Center and Lynn Public Schools. This program is designed to improve the health status of the elementary, middle, and secondary school students of Lynn by increasing access to health care through school-based services. All services provided are designed to meet the special developmental, socio-emotional and access needs of adolescents and youth. The SBHCs are satellite clinics of the Lynn Community Health Center which provides 24 hour, 7 day a week, year round back-up and access to a broad range of specialty services, health promotion and health education services.
  • School-based Health Center @ Marshall Middle School
    • Location: Lynn, MA - 01902
    • Contact Phone: (781) 599-3925
    • Details: The School-Based Health Center program is a collaborative effort between the Lynn Community Health Center and Lynn Public Schools. This program is designed to improve the health status of the elementary, middle, and secondary school students of Lynn by increasing access to health care through school-based services. All services provided are designed to meet the special developmental, socio-emotional and access needs of adolescents and youth. The SBHCs are satellite clinics of the Lynn Community Health Center which provides 24 hour, 7 day a week, year round back-up and access to a broad range of specialty services, health promotion and health education services.